The new session of the scientific seminars organized by COST Action PROBONO& HB11 Energy on Hydrogen boron-11 fusion begins on Wed 24 of January at 16:00, is given by Paata J. Kervalishvili on the topic "ISOTOPE EFFECTS IN THE CONDENSED MATTER: SOME APPLICATIONS"
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Link: https://us06web.zoom.us/j/85082055445?pwd=xsS8MdbiM7kp5yCmssrNCqe4E0LHtd.1
Meeting-ID: 850 8205 5445
Kenncode: 449789
ISOTOPE EFFECTS IN THE CONDENSED MATTER: SOME APPLICATIONS
Paata J. Kervalishvili
Georgian Technical University
Abstract:
Determination of appropriateness and mechanisms of the influence of the isotope effects on the properties of the medium fives new possibilities to pass from the technology of isotope substances pure in the sense of admixtures to the technology of pure isotope substances. Purposeful usage of isotope effects in certain physical phenomena and processes will substantially extend the sphere of utilization and production of stable and radioactive isotopes. Such approach to isotope problem leads us to perspective branches of physics and technology – physics and isotope stimulated phenomena and isotope material science. This relatively new field of condensed matter physics as well as of molecular physics includes the study of isotope effects in various media.
Kinetic isotope effects are observed in unidirectional processes (such as diffusion, evaporation, and bacterial conversions) where the reaction rate depends on the masses of the reacting molecules. Biochemical reaction pathways are often dependent on the mass of an element at a particular position in a molecule. The result mostly is to favor the lighter isotopic species in the formation of the product. At the same time a number of isotope effects in semiconductors are related to changes in the properties of phonons determined by atomic mass.
At present the studies of isotope effects are carried out in the different directions, for instance, investigation of mass-transfer and electron spectrum in crystals of various isotope composition; evaluation of the influence of an isotope concentration on a chemical activity, thermal- and electron transfer in materials; study of an influence of isotope composition on active media upon generator and spectrum characteristics of gas lasers, etc.
Isotope effects are very suitable for novel nuclear radiation sensors preparation. Today, the best nuclear radiation solid state detectors are based on semiconductor materials such as silicon, germanium, cadmium telluride, zinc oxide, etc. It was developed a novel Boron based nanosensory elements for temperature sensors and neutron flux and energy sensors that can operate in harsh environment (corrosive media, nuclear radiation, etc.). Boron is a wide-zone high temperature semiconductor with a prohibited energy zone of about 1,6 eV. Boron carbide (B4C) and some other boron rich compounds have a similar forbidden energy gap, which defines their electrical resistance. High mechanical and chemical strength in various corrosive media, and the possibility to change the isotope content from 11B to 10B in almost every concentration range, allows to improve the radiation resistance of boron based sensors.
Very interesting example of isotopic effect in biosystems devotes to magnetic isotope effect during the Adenosine Triphosphate synthesis with participation of spinless isotopes Mg24, Mg26 and magnetic spin holder isotope - Mg25. Another prospective application of isotope effects are their utilization in quantum spin based devices by usage of neutron-transmutation-doped Si and SiGe structures where P31 nuclear spin qubits in a Si28 nanowire might be a scalable units for quantum computation.
Speaker:
Paata J. Kervalishvili was born in Tbilisi, Georgia. He started his university studies at Georgian Technical University and received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in engineering physics. His Ph.D and Doctor in Engineering was awarded in 1978 by the Research and Technology Center - "Institute Giredmet" in Moscow. In 1984 he was conferred a Degree of Doctor of Physics and Mathematics at main center of Soviet Atomic Program “Kurchatov Institute”. At 1989 he received the USSR Professor state title.
Prof. Kervalishvili until 1992 worked as a Scientist and Director of various research and technology development centers within the Middle Machinery Ministry (State Committee for Atomic Energy) of former Soviet Union.
After working in the USA he returned to Georgia in 1994 to work in the Parliament and was appointed to the leading positions of the State Committee for Science and Technology and Ministry of Economy of Georgia where he worked till 2000.While working on the accomplishment of science and technology projects in US, France, England, Italy, Germany, Greece and Georgia, Paata Kervalishvili also worked as a Professor and Chair of several prominent universities.
Dr. P. Kervalishvili conducted a range of research in several fields of physics and technology such as condensed matter, molecular, bio and quantum physics, nuclear and laser technologies, novel materials, sensory systems, energy and information technologies. He is an author of more than 500 papers, inventions and several renowned books.
Academician P.J. Kervalishvili is a member of more than 20 top-level academies and research councils. Currently he is the President of Georgian Academy of Natural Sciences and President of the Euro Mediterranean Academy of Arts and Sciences. More than 40 prestigious prizes and state orders were awarded to Prof. Kervalishvili
